Glossary
hemoglobin
The protein molecule that carries oxygen (to the cells of the body from the lungs) and carbon dioxide (from the cells to the lungs) in the bloodstream. Hemoglobin contains iron as cofactor which gives blood its characteristic color due to the oxidation state of the cofactor.
homeostasis
The physiological process by which the internal bodily systems are maintained at equilibrium despite variations in environmental conditions. Examples of such processes are body temperature, acid-base balance (pH), and blood pressure.
hormone
A chemical manufactured in specialized cells that are secreted and used by other cells and tissues to perform their function.
hyperglycemia
An abnormally high concentration of glucose (sugar) in the circulating blood, seen especially in patients with untreated diabetes mellitus.
hypoglycemia
An abnormally low concentration of glucose (sugar) in the circulating blood.
As related to diabetes, it is also known as "insulin shock" and is a grave medical condition that can lead to shaking, palpitations, seizure, coma and even death.
